Penanganan keracunan metanol menggunakan fomepizole dan etanol (sebuah review)
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Fomepizole,
Etanol,
Antidot
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Abstract
Kejadian keracunan metanol sering karena konsumsi yang tidak disengaja atau disengaja. Paparan metanol sangat berbahaya, dengan morbiditas dan mortalitas yang signifikan jika tidak diobati. Perawatan utama keracunan metanol adalah etanol atau fomepizole. Fomepizol diakui lebih aman dan efektif dibandingkan etanol. Namun, hambatan penggunaan fomepizol adalah harganya mahal dan ketersediaannya yang terbatas di beberapa daerah, terutama di negara-negara berkembang. Dalam ulasan ini menjelaskan tentang pilihan antara penggunaan etanol dan fomepizol ketika fomepizol tidak tersedia. Studi ini merupakan studi tinjauan literatur. Literatur relevan yang digunakan untuk melakukan tinjauan literatur ini berasal dari database pubmed, dengan menggunakan kata kunci pencarian "Methanol"[tw] OR "Methanol poison*"[tw] OR "Methanol toxic*"[tw] OR "Methanol intoxic*"[tw]. Hasil dari penelusuran didapatkan 8 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi untuk direview. Penghambatan alkohol dehidrogenase merupakan dasar untuk pengobatan keracunan metanol. Penanganan dasar keracunan metanol harus segera dilakukan dengan memberikan antidotum seperti fomepizol atau etanol untuk mencegah metanol termetabolisme menjadi metabolit yang dapat menyebabkan asidosis metabolik, kerusakan mata hingga kematian. Penanganan keracunan metanol menggunakan fomepizol ataupun etanol tidak menunjukkan perbedaan efektivitas klinis antara keduanya, meskipun fomepizol memberikan efek samping yang lebih baik. Etanol sebagai antidotum pada keracunan metanol masih dapat diberikan sebagai altenatif ketika fomepizol tidak tersedia.
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