Pajak karbon dalam mewujudkan Sustainable Development Goals: a systematic literature review
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Pajak karbon memiliki potensi besar dalam mendukung pencapaian Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), namun implementasinya memerlukan pendekatan yang hati-hati dengan kebijakan pendukung yang efektif. Penelitian ini mengkaji berbagai literatur terkait implementasi pajak karbon, dengan fokus pada tantangan dan peluang di negara berkembang, khususnya Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode systematic literature review (SLR) dengan kriteria inklusi berupa artikel yang dipublikasikan antara tahun 2018 hingga 2024. Dari total 120 artikel yang diidentifikasi, sebanyak 30 artikel dipilih secara purposif berdasarkan relevansi topik dan kualitas akademik. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa pajak karbon dapat menjadi alat yang efektif untuk mencapai tujuan keberlanjutan, terutama jika kebijakan yang diterapkan mempertimbangkan kesetaraan sosial, efisiensi ekonomi, dan keberlanjutan lingkungan. Namun, keberhasilan implementasi sangat bergantung pada kesiapan infrastruktur perpajakan, pemahaman publik, serta dukungan kebijakan yang menyeluruh. Oleh karena itu, untuk memastikan efektivitas pajak karbon dalam mendukung pencapaian SDGs, diperlukan pengembangan kapasitas kelembagaan, peningkatan kesadaran masyarakat, serta penyesuaian kebijakan dengan konteks sosial dan ekonomi yang ada. Temuan ini memberikan wawasan penting bagi pengambil kebijakan dalam merancang pajak karbon yang lebih adaptif dan berkelanjutan di Indonesia.
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