Ketimpangan Akses Layanan Rehabilitasi Medik di Negara Berkembang: Kajian Literatur
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Abstract
Ketimpangan akses terhadap layanan rehabilitasi medik di negara-negara berkembang merupakan tantangan serius dalam sistem kesehatan global. Rehabilitasi berperan penting dalam meningkatkan fungsi dan kualitas hidup individu dengan disabilitas atau pasca-penyakit kronis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kesenjangan akses layanan rehabilitasi medik di negara-negara berpenghasilan rendah dan menengah melalui kajian literatur internasional. Metode yang digunakan adalah scoping review terhadap 20 artikel yang bersumber dari PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, dan CINAHL. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa keterbatasan infrastruktur, minimnya tenaga kesehatan, ketimpangan sosio-ekonomi, serta lemahnya kebijakan publik menjadi hambatan utama akses layanan. Solusi potensial yang diidentifikasi meliputi telerehabilitasi, model rehabilitasi berbasis komunitas, serta integrasi layanan ke dalam sistem kesehatan primer. Namun, efektivitas solusi sangat dipengaruhi oleh kesiapan sistem, dukungan regulasi, dan konteks lokal. Kajian ini merekomendasikan pendekatan multisektoral dan berbasis bukti untuk mewujudkan layanan rehabilitasi yang inklusif, berkelanjutan, dan merata di negara berkembang.
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