Legal analysis of consumer data protection in metaverse transactions: a case study of NFT and digital assets

Article Sidebar

Published: 2026-01-23
DOI: https://doi.org/10.55904/2csede14
Keywords:
Consumer Data, Law, Statutory Regulations

Main Article Content

Virly Vidiasti Sabijanto
Universitas Pasundan

Abstract

This study analyzes consumer data protection in metaverse transactions, specifically related to NFTs and digital assets, within the Indonesian legal framework. The study's findings indicate that despite existing legal frameworks such as the Consumer Protection Law and the Personal Data Protection Law, existing regulations are not yet comprehensive in addressing the unique risks inherent in virtual environments. This study aims to identify legal challenges and analyze the adequacy of national regulations in protecting consumers' personal data and digital assets in the metaverse. Normative legal research methods were used to examine existing laws and regulations, such as Law No. 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection and Law No. 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection. There are significant regulatory gaps between the existing legal framework and the dynamics of metaverse transactions, particularly regarding cross-border jurisdictions, the legal status of digital assets, and cybersecurity threats. Legislative reform and the participation of all stakeholders are needed to strengthen the consumer and personal data protection framework in the era of evolving metaverse technology.

Article Details

Issue

Vol. 4 No. 6 (2026): Cessie: Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum (In press)

Section

Articles
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Legal analysis of consumer data protection in metaverse transactions: a case study of NFT and digital assets. (2026). Cessie : Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum, 4(6). https://doi.org/10.55904/2csede14

References

Akbar Maulidun Imam , Muhjad Hadin, A. R. K. (2023). Indragiri Law Review. Ejournalpasca.Unisi, 1(1), 19–24.

Astari Sekarwati, R. A., & Suparto, S. (2020). Perlindungan Konsumen Untuk Memperoleh Hak Layanan Purna Jual Di Indonesia Dan Eropa. Jurnal Bina Mulia Hukum, 5(2), 275–290. https://doi.org/10.23920/jbmh.v5i2.152

Atmojo, R. N. P., & Fuad, F. (2023). Upaya Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Para Konsumen Pemegang Aset Kripto di Indonesia. Jurnal Hukum To-Ra : Hukum Untuk Mengatur Dan Melindungi Masyarakat, 9(2), 254–276. https://doi.org/10.55809/tora.v9i2.260

Filosofis, K., Saputra, I. E., Rahman, A., Andry, M., & Wardhana, W. (2025). Unes Law Review. Unes Law Review, 7(3), 998–1013.

Haipon, H., Pujiningsih, D., Hayatulah, G. E., Harimurti, D. A., & Fitrian, Y. (2024). Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Konsumen dalam Transaksi E-Commerce di Indonesia Legal. Jurnal Kolaboratif Sains, 7(2504), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.56338/jks.v7i12.6710

Handriani, A., Hukum, F., & Pamulang, U. (2020). 7989-17383-1-Sm. 3(2), 127–138.

Kamalia, N., Nurita, M., & Ramadan, N. D. (2025). Analisis Yuridis Pembatalan Sepihak Oleh Penjual Dalam Perjanjian Jual Beli Tanah Secara Lisan Dan Upaya Penyelesaiannya Melalui Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa Universitas Islam Negeri Madura , Indonesia Universitas Islam Negeri Madura , Indonesia Perda. Jurnal Mahasiswa, 7(2), 21–31. https://doi.org/10.51903/jurnalmahasiswa.v7i2.1069

Kusterer, C., Köhler, R., Zehl, T., Wolf, A., & Hofmann, M. (2018). No 主観的健康感を中心とした在宅高齢者における 健康関連指標に関する共分散構造分析Title. 34th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, VI(6), 302–308.

Miagusttin, A. P., Syakori, K. R., Nurhangesti, M., Septiani, R., Alifiya, S. N., & Ningrum, T. S. (2024). Penerapan Teknologi Dalam Pembelajaran : Menghadapi Era Digital Di Abad Ke-21. 1–15.

Nasution, H. R., & Harris, A. (2025). Kedudukan Konsumen dalam Hubungan Hukum dengan Pelaku Usaha di Indonesia. Locus Journal of Academic Literature Review, 4(6), 470–484.

Planning, R. (2024). 陈俞全 1 ，韩 潇 2 ※ ，聂凤英 3 （ 1. 10(1), 570–582.

Purwito, E. (2023). DI KOTA SURABAYA. 13(1).

Rongiyati, S. (2019). Pelindungan Konsumen dalam Transaksi Dagang Melalui Sistem Elektronik (Consumer Protection in E-Commerce). Negara Hukum: Membangun Hukum Untuk Keadilan Dan Kesejahteraan, 10(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.22212/jnh.v10i1.1223

Simbala, N. R. D. (2024). Jurnal+Natanael+Alfius+Jolly+Simbala. Vol.12 No.(4), 1.

Suryani, S. A., Harbelin, S., & Citra, H. (2025). Upaya Hukum Perlindungan Konsumen Dalam Menuntut Ganti Rugi Atas Kerugian Akibat Produk Cacat. Jurnal Kajian Hukum Dan Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan | E-ISSN: 3089-7084, 1(4), 440–444.

Susantri, Y. (2022). Perlindungan Terhadap Hak-Hak Konsumen Dalam Perspektif Hak Asasi Manusia. CONSTITUO : Journal of State and Political Law Research, 1(1), 44–58. https://doi.org/10.47498/constituo.v1i1.1210

Waluyo, B., Prasetyo, H., & -, S. (2020). Analisis Yuridis Terhadap Kewajiban Pencantuman Label Berbahasa Indonesia Pada Barang Yang Diperdagangkan Dalam Negeri. Jurnal Yuridis, 7(2), 325. https://doi.org/10.35586/jyur.v7i2.2260

Windi Arini, Zahra Nabila Mua’la, Ulfa Nur Arifah, Leni Fadhilah Islamiyah, & Pindisi Tabuni. (2025). Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Konsumen Dalam Transaksi Elektronik. LAWYER: Jurnal Hukum, 3(1), 11–19. https://doi.org/10.58738/lawyer.v3i1.757

Yanuar, M. A. (2022). Risiko Dan Posibilitas Penyalahgunaan Aset Kripto Dalam Kejahatan Pencucian Uang. Majalah Hukum Nasional, 52(2), 12–31.

Yuningsih, R. (2021). Pelindungan Kesehatan Masyarakat Terhadap Peredaran Obat dan Makanan Daring. Aspirasi: Jurnal Masalah-Masalah Sosial, 12(1), 47–62. https://doi.org/10.46807/aspirasi.v12i1.2020